INSTWhich instruments are pitot-static?
Altimeter, airspeed indicator, VSI. Airspeed uses pitot + static; altimeter & VSI use static only.
INSTBlocked static port (no alternate) — altimeter?
Freezes at the trapped altitude; VSI reads zero; airspeed becomes unreliable.
INSTWhich instrument needs no power?
The magnetic compass — self-contained, the backup heading reference.
INSTCompass turning & acceleration errors?
ONUS (Overshoot North, Undershoot South) on turns; ANDS (Accelerate-North, Decelerate-South) on speed changes.
INSTWhy know what shares a power source?
A single AHRS/bus failure takes out several instruments at once — recognizing the pattern catches partial-panel early.
EQUIPWhat does GRABCARD list?
The IFR-required equipment in 14 CFR 91.205(d).
EQUIPSpell out GRABCARD.
Generator, Radios, Attitude, Ball, Clock, Altimeter (adjustable), Rate-of-turn, Directional gyro.
EQUIPVOR check interval for IFR?
Within the preceding 30 days (if using VOR for IFR).
EQUIPAltimeter/pitot-static & transponder check intervals?
Each within the preceding 24 calendar months.
CHECKAltimeter cockpit-check tolerance?
Set to current setting; should read within tolerance of known field elevation. Confirm your tolerance/standard.
CHECKDuring taxi, what do you confirm?
Turn indicator and compass swing the correct direction; attitude stays erect.
RISKRequired IFR item found inoperative — action?
No-go until resolved — an inop required item makes the aircraft un-airworthy for IFR.
R44Where do you confirm installed IFR equipment?
R44 POH Kinds-of-Operations Equipment List + avionics section, and the aircraft logs. R44 is normally VFR-only — verify.